How Light Enters the Eye

...

Watch Video

Refraction of Light

Refraction is the change in direction of a wave due to a change in its speed. This is most commonly seen when a wave passes from one medium to another. Refraction of light is the most commonly seen example, but any type of wave can refract when it interacts with a medium, for example when sound waves pass from one medium into another or when water waves move into water of a different depth. In optics,...

Watch Video

Laws of reflection

Reflection is the change in direction of a wave front at an interface between two different media so that the wave front returns into the medium from which it originated. Common examples include the reflection of light, sound and water waves.Reflection of light may be specular (that is, mirror-like) or diffuse (that is, not retaining the image, only the energy) depending on the nature of the interface....

Watch Video

Prism

Prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces that refract light. The exact angles between the surfaces depend on the application. The traditional geometrical shape is that of a triangular prism with a triangular base and rectangular sides, and in colloquial use "prism" usually refers to this type. Some types of optical prism are not in fact in the shape of geometric prisms....

Watch Video

SPECTRUM

A spectrum (plural spectra or spectrums) is a condition that is not limited to a specific set of values but can vary infinitely within a continuum. The word saw its first scientific use within the field of optics to describe the rainbow of colors in visible light when separated using a prism; it has since been applied by analogy to many fields. Thus one might talk about the spectrum of political opinion,...

Watch Video

Modern Physics: Special Relativity

Special relativity (SR) (also known as the special theory of relativity or STR) is the physical theory of measurement in inertial frames of reference proposed in 1905 by Albert Einstein (after considerable contributions of Hendrik Lorentz and Henri Poincaré) in the paper "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies". It generalizes Galileo's principle of relativity – that all uniform motion is relative,...

Watch Video

Resolution - Refutation Proofs

...

Watch Video

Programming Paradigms

Computer architecture by discussing function call and return in further depth as well as introducing the swap function in relation to C++ c...

Watch Video

computer architecture function call and returns in relation to C code.

...

Watch Video

Computer architecture and the Assembly programming language

...

Watch Video

Heap segments and their use in the C programming language

HEap Swgment is a segment of memory claimed by a program. Within the heap, pieces of memory can be used and freed as needed. Depending on usage, heaps can become fragmented as small pieces of memory are used and freed. In formal computer science terms, a heap is the same as a partially ordered tr...

Watch Video

C programming language and generic stacks

...

Watch Video

Programming Paradigms-C language programming by focusing on different forms of stack.

...

Watch Video

Linear Dynamical Systems Lecture 20-Observability and State Estimation

...

Watch Video

Lecture 19 Controllability and State Transfer and their uses in modern electrical engineering

...

Watch Video

Linear Dynamical Systems Lecture 18 -Applications of SVD, Controllability,and State Transfer in Electrical Engineering

...

Watch Video

Linear Dynamical Systems Lecture 17-Applications of single value decomposition in LDS and electrical engineering

Singular value decomposition (SVD) is an important factorization of a rectangular real or complex matrix, with several applications in signal processing and statistics. Applications which employ the SVD include computing the pseudoinverse, least squares fitting of data, matrix approximation, and determining the rank, range and null space of a matr...

Watch Video

Linear Dynamical Systems Lecture 16- Use of symmetric matrices, quadratic forms, matrix norm, and SVDs in LDS

...

Watch Video

Linear Dynamical Systems Lecture 15-Inputs and Outputs of symmetric matrices

...

Watch Video

Linear Dynamical Systems Lecture 14- Applications of Jordan Canonical Form in LDS and Electrical Engineering

...

Watch Video

Linear Dynamical Systems Lecture 13-generalized eigenvectors, diagonalization, and Jordan canonical form

Jordan normal form (often called Jordan canonical form) shows that a given square matrix M over a field K containing the eigenvalues of M can be transformed into a certain normal form by changing the basis. This normal form is almost diagonal in the sense that its only non-zero entries lie on the diagonal and the superdiagonal. This is made more precise in the Jordan-Chevalley decomposition. One can...

Watch Video

Linear Dynamical Systems Lecture12-Matrix exponentials,Eigenvectors,and Diagonalization and their uses in LDS

Matrix exponential is a matrix function on square matrices analogous to the ordinary exponential function. Abstractly, the matrix exponential gives the connection between a matrix Lie algebra and the corresponding Lie group.In linear algebra, a square matrix A is called diagonalizable if it is similar to a diagonal matrix, i.e. if there exists an invertible matrix P such that P −1AP is a diagonal...

Watch Video

Linear Dynamical Systems Lecture 11-LaPlace transform use of matrix exponentials

Matrix exponential is a matrix function on square matrices analogous to the ordinary exponential function. Abstractly, the matrix exponential gives the connection between a matrix Lie algebra and the corresponding Lie group.Laplace transform is one of the best known and widely used integral transforms. It is commonly used to produce an easily solvable algebraic equation from an ordinary differential...

Watch Video

Linear Dynamical Systems Lecture 9&10 -Autonomous linear dynamical systems

...

Watch Video

Linear Dynamical Systems Lecture 8-Least Norm solutions of undetermined equations

...

Watch Video

Linear Dynamical Systems Lecture 7-Regularized least squares and the Gauss-Newton method

Gauss–Newton algorithm is a method used to solve non-linear least squares problems. It can be seen as a modification of Newton's method for finding a minimum of a function. Unlike Newton's method, the Gauss–Newton algorithm can only be used to minimize a sum of squared function values, but it has the advantage that second derivatives, which can be challenging to compute, are not required.Non-linear...

Watch Video

Linear Dynamical Systems Lecture 6-Applications of least squares

...

Watch Video

Linear Dynamical Systems Lecture 5- QR Factorization and least squares

The method of least squares is used to solve overdetermined systems. Least squares is often applied in statistical contexts, particularly regression analysis.Least squares can be interpreted as a method of fitting data. The best fit in the least-squares sense is that instance of the model for which the sum of squared residuals has its least value, a residual being the difference between an observed...

Watch Video

Linear Dynamical Systems lecture 4-Orthonormal sets of vectors and QR factorization

In linear algebra, two vectors in an inner product space are orthonormal if they are orthogonal and both of unit length. A set of vectors form an orthonormal set if all vectors in the set are mutually orthogonal and all of unit length. An orthonormal set which forms a basis is called an orthonormal bas...

Watch Video

Linear Dynamical Systems Lecture 3-Linear algebra

Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with the study of vectors, vector spaces (also called linear spaces), linear maps (also called linear transformations), and systems of linear equations. Vector spaces are a central theme in modern mathematics; thus, linear algebra is widely used in both abstract algebra and functional analysis. Linear algebra also has a concrete representation...

Watch Video

Linear Dynamical Systems Lecture 2 -Linear functions

A linear function is a real or complex function f with the functional equation y=f(x)=m⋅x+b, where m and b are real (or complex) numbers. The equation y=f(x)=m⋅x+b is called (general) linear equation. The graph of a real linear function is a straight li...

Watch Video

Introduction to Linear Dynamical Systems Lecture 1

Introduction to applied linear algebra and linear dynamical systems, with applications to circuits, signal processing, communications, and control systems. Topics include: Least-squares aproximations of over-determined equations and least-norm solutions of underdetermined equations. Symmetric matrices, matrix norm and singular value decomposition. Eigenvalues, left and right eigenvectors, and dynamical...

Watch Video

Convex Optimization II

...

Watch Video

Knowledge Based Systems: Logic and Deduction

...

Watch Video

Convex Optimization

Convex optimization is a subfield of mathematical optimization. Given a real vector space together with a convex, real-valued functiondefined on a convex subset of , the problem is to find the point in for which the number is smallest, i.e., the point such that for all .The convexity of and make the powerful tools of convex analysis applicable: the Hahn–Banach theorem and the theory of subgradients...

Watch Video

Programming Abstractions

The computing environment of tomorrow will not be anything like the stand-alone environment of yesterday. Computing infrastructure is changing drastically, presenting unique opportunities as well as challenges for applications and application scientists. Despite the rapid onset of distributed infrastructure, the majority of scientists still use the same programming methods that they are accustomed...

Watch Video

Special Relativity Lecture

Special relativity (SR) (also known as the special theory of relativity or STR) is the physical theory of measurement in inertial frames of reference proposed in 1905 by Albert Einstein (after considerable contributions of Hendrik Lorentz and Henri Poincaré) in the paper "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies". It generalizes Galileo's principle of relativity – that all uniform motion is relative,...

Watch Video

Searching Game Trees

In combinatorial game theory, a game tree is a directed graph whose nodes are positions in a game and whose edges are moves. The complete game tree for a game is the game tree starting at the initial position and containing all possible moves from each position.The diagram shows the first two levels, or ply, in the game tree for tic-tac-toe. We consider all the rotations and reflections of positions...

Watch Video

Problem Reduction Search: AND/OR Graphs

Sometimes problems only seem hard to solve. A hard problem may be one that can be reduced to a number of simple problems...and, when each of the simple problems is solved, then the hard problem has been solved. This is the basic intuition behind the method of problem reduction. We will have much more to say about this method of search when we cover problem solving and planning in the second half...

Watch Video

Heuristic Search A* and Beyond

Heuristic algorithm or simply a heuristic is an algorithm that gives up finding the optimal solution for an improvement in run time.Two fundamental goals in computer science are finding algorithms with provably good run times and with provably good or optimal solution quality. A heuristic is an algorithm that abandons one or both of these goals; for example, it usually finds pretty good solutions,...

Watch Video

Programming Paradigms

A programming paradigm is a fundamental style of computer programming. (Compare with a methodology, which is a style of solving specific software engineering problems).A programming language can support multiple paradigms. For example programs written in C++ or Object Pascal can be purely procedural, or purely object-oriented, or contain elements of both paradigms. Software designers and programmers...

Watch Video

Introduction to Robotics Lecture 16

...

Watch Video

Introduction to Robotics Lecture 15

...

Watch Video

Introduction to Robotics Lecture 14

...

Watch Video

Introduction to Robotics Lecture 13

...

Watch Video

Introduction to Robotics Lecture 12

...

Watch Video

Introduction to Robotics Lecture 11

...

Watch Video

Introduction to Robotics Lecture 10

...

Watch Video

Introduction to Robotics Lecture 9

...

Watch Video

Introduction to Robotics Lecture 8

...

Watch Video

Introduction to Robotics lecture 7

...

Watch Video

Introduction to Robotics Lecture 6

...

Watch Video

Introduction to Robotics Lecture 5

...

Watch Video

Introduction to Robotics lecture 4

...

Watch Video

Introduction to Robotics Lecture 3

...

Watch Video

Introduction to Robotics Lecture 2

...

Watch Video

Introduction to Robotics

Robotics is the science and technology of robots, their design, manufacture, and application. Robotics requires a working knowledge of electronics, mechanics and software, and is usually accompanied by a large working knowledge of many subjects. A person working in the field is a roboticist.The structure of a robot is usually mostly mechanical and can be called a kinematic chain (its functionality...

Watch Video

Machine Learning lecture 20

...

Watch Video

Machine Learning Lecture 19

...

Watch Video

Machine learning lecture 18

...

Watch Video

Machine Learning lecture 17

...

Watch Video

Machine learning lecture 16

...

Watch Video

Machine Learning lecture 15

...

Watch Video

Machine learning lecture 14

...

Watch Video

Machine learning lecture 13

...

Watch Video

Machine learning Lecture 12

...

Watch Video

Machine learning lecture 11

...

Watch Video

Machine Learning Lecture 10

...

Watch Video

Machine Learning lecture 9

...

Watch Video

Machine Learning lecture 8

...

Watch Video

Machine Learning lecture 7

...

Watch Video

Machine Learning Lecture 6

...

Watch Video

Machine Learning Lecture 5

...

Watch Video

Machine Learning Lecture 4 |

...

Watch Video

Machine Learning lecture 3

This course provides a broad introduction to machine learning and statistical pattern recognition. Topics include supervised learning, unsupervised learning, learning theory, reinforcement learning and adaptive control. Recent applications of machine learning, such as to robotic control, data mining, autonomous navigation, bioinformatics, speech recognition, and text and web data processing are also...

Watch Video

Machine Learning lecture 2

Linerar regression,gradient descent,normal equati...

Watch Video

Machine Learning lecture

Machine learning is concerned with the design and development of algorithms and techniques that allow computers to "learn". At a general level, there are two types of learning: inductive, and deductive. Inductive machine learning methods extract rules and patterns out of massive data sets.The major focus of machine learning research is to extract information from data automatically, by computational...

Watch Video

Artificial Intelligence:Informed State Space Search

...

Watch Video

Artificial Intelligence-Searching with Costs

...

Watch Video

Artificial Intelligence-Problem Solving by Search

...

Watch Video

Index Properties and Classification of Soils

...

Watch Video

Sampling and Non - Intrusive Methods

...

Watch Video

Introduction to Subsurface Exploration

...

Watch Video

Fluid Mechanics

...

Watch Video

Artificial Intelligence

...

Watch Video

Sediment Transport and Deposition

...

Watch Video

The New Food Wars: Globalization GMOs and Biofuels

The New Food Wars: Globalization GMOs and Biofu...

Watch Video

Advanced Concepts of Gravity

Advanced Concepts of Grav...

Watch Video

Weathering

...

Watch Video

Metamorphic Rocks

...

Watch Video

Sedimentary Rocks

...

Watch Video

Igneous Rocks lecture

...

Watch Video

Origin And Types of Soils

...

Watch Video

Origin And Types of Rocks

...

Watch Video

Chemical Characteristics of Minerals

Minerals may be classified according to chemical composition. They are here categorized by anion group. The list below is in approximate order of their abundance in the Earth's crust. The list follows the Dana classification system.Silicate classThe largest group of minerals by far are the silicates (most rocks are ≥95% silicates), which are composed largely of silicon and oxygen, with the addition...

Watch Video

Crystallography and Optical Properties

...

Watch Video

Physical Properties of Minerals

...

Watch Video

Remote Sensing in Engineering Geology

...

Watch Video

Geologic Maps and Stratigraphic Sections

...

Watch Video

Geologic Structures

Structural geology is the study of the three dimensional distribution of rock bodies and their planar or folded surfaces, and their internal fabrics.Structural geology includes features of and overlaps with facets of geomorphology, metamorphism and geotechnical studies. By studying the three dimensional structure of rocks and regions, inferences on tectonic history, past geological environments and...

Watch Video

Introduction to Engineering Geology

...

Watch Video